1、理解回归树与模型树
决策树可用于聚类（类别变量），也可用于数值预测,但是本节只考虑决策树用于数值预测.
决策树用于数值预测可以分为回归树和模型树
回归树: 回归树中并没用使用线性回归的方法，而是基于到达叶节点的案例的平均值做出预测
模型树: 模型树和回归树以大致相同的方式生长，但是在每个叶节点，根据到达该节点的案例建立多元线性回归模型。根据叶节点的数目，一棵模型树可能会建立几十甚至上百个这样的模型，可能会使模型树比同等的回归树更难解释，但好处也行能提高精确度。
2、回归树与模型树的优缺点
| 优点 | 缺点 |
|---|---|
| 将决策树的优点对数值型数据建立模型的能力相结合 | 不像线性回归那么常用 |
| 能自动选择特征，允许该方法与大量特征一起使用 | 需要大量的训练数据 |
| 不需要使用者事先指定模型 | 难以确定单个特征对于结果的总体净影响 |
| 拟合某些类型的数据可能会比线性回归好 | 可能比回归模型难以解释 |
| 不要求用统计的知识来解释模型 |
用于数值预测的决策树的建立方式与用于分类的决策树建立的方式大致相同。从根节点开始，按照特征使用分而治之的决策对数据进行划分，在进行一次分割后，将会导致结果最大化的均匀增长。
- 在分类决策树中，一致性(均匀性)是有熵值度量 ，而对于数值型数据是未定义的，
- 对于数值型决策，一致性(均匀性)可通过统计量(方差、标准差、平均绝对偏差)来度量,根据使用的决策树生长算法，度量方法可能用所不同，但基本原理相同.
常见的一个分割标准成为标准偏差减少(Standard Deciation Reduction,SDR),其公式定义如下\[SDR=sd(T)\]
3、例子——-估计葡萄酒的质量
白葡萄酒包含4898个葡萄酒案例的11种化学特征的信息，对于每种葡萄酒，实验室分析测量的特征包括酸性、含糖量、氯化物含量、硫的含量、酒精度、PH值和密度值
3.1读入数据
其所有特征都是数值型
wine <- read.csv("whitewines.csv")研究一下结果变量的分布,由于是离散的，可用直方图来研究葡萄酒质量的分布：
hist(wine$quality)
符合正态分布。大约以数值为6为中心(也可用summary()函数发现一些数据的异常值等等)，最后划分训练数据与测试数据(数据是随机排序),75%的训练数据，25%的测试数据
wine_train <- wine[1:3750, ]
wine_test <- wine[3751:4898, ]3.2基于数据训练模型—-回归树
library(rpart)
m.rpart <- rpart(quality ~ ., data = wine_train)
m.rpart# 获取该树的基本信息,#summary(m.rpart)## n= 3750
##
## node), split, n, deviance, yval
## * denotes terminal node
##
## 1) root 3750 2945.53200 5.870933
## 2) alcohol< 10.85 2372 1418.86100 5.604975
## 4) volatile.acidity>=0.2275 1611 821.30730 5.432030
## 8) volatile.acidity>=0.3025 688 278.97670 5.255814 *
## 9) volatile.acidity< 0.3025 923 505.04230 5.563380 *
## 5) volatile.acidity< 0.2275 761 447.36400 5.971091 *
## 3) alcohol>=10.85 1378 1070.08200 6.328737
## 6) free.sulfur.dioxide< 10.5 84 95.55952 5.369048 *
## 7) free.sulfur.dioxide>=10.5 1294 892.13600 6.391036
## 14) alcohol< 11.76667 629 430.11130 6.173291
## 28) volatile.acidity>=0.465 11 10.72727 4.545455 *
## 29) volatile.acidity< 0.465 618 389.71680 6.202265 *
## 15) alcohol>=11.76667 665 403.99400 6.596992 *对于决策树中的每个节点，到达决策点的案例数量都列出来了，例如：所有的3750个案例从根节点开始，其中
(1)有2372个案例的alcohol< 10.85 2372，
- 1378个案例的 alcohol>=10.85 。
因为alcohol（酒精）是决策树中第一个使用的变量，所以它是葡萄酒质量中唯一最重要的指标。
用* 表示的节点是终端或者叶节点，这意味着他们会产生预测(这里作为yavl列出来)。例如节点5有一个5.971091的yval。当该决策树用来预测时，对任意一个葡萄酒案例，如果alcohol< 10.85 2372 且volatile.acidity< 0.2275，那么它的质量值将预测为5.97
3.3可视化决策时
library(rpart.plot)
rpart.plot(m.rpart, digits = 3)#基本决策树图
rpart.plot(m.rpart, digits = 4, fallen.leaves = TRUE, type = 3, extra = 101)#对图表的一些调整
3.4评估模型的性能
p.rpart <- predict(m.rpart, wine_test)
#我们预测的主要统计量表明了一个潜在的问题，预测值与真实值相比落在一个更窄的范围内
summary(p.rpart)## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 4.545 5.563 5.971 5.893 6.202 6.597summary(wine_test$quality)## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## 3.000 5.000 6.000 5.901 6.000 9.000这一发现表面，该模型不能正确识别极端的情形，尤其是最好的和最差葡萄酒，反过来，另一方面，在第一四分位数和第三四分位数之间，我们可能做的不错。
3.5用平均绝对误差度量性能
平均绝对误差:考虑它的预测值离真实值有多远，方程如下：\[MAE=1/n\]
由于误差是预测值与真实值之间的差值，所以可以简单创建一个MSE()函数，如下：
MAE <- function(actual, predicted) {
mean(abs(actual - predicted))
}
# 预测值和实际值之间的平均绝对误差
MAE(p.rpart, wine_test$quality)#MAS越小越好## [1] 0.5872652就平均而言，这意味着模型的预测值与真实值的质量分数之间的差值大约为0.59，基于质量的尺度是从0~10，这似乎表面我们的模型做的还可以
另一反面，大多数的葡萄酒既不是很好也不是很差，通常情况下，质量分数大约为5~6.因此根据这个指标，一个什么都没有做而是仅仅预测了均值的分类器可能同样会做的相当好（意思是直接为均值===相当于这个模型了）
训练数据中的平均质量等级如下：（用平均值试试）
# result = 5.87平均值
mean(wine_train$quality) ## [1] 5.870933#如果我们对一个葡萄酒案例预测的值为5.87，那么我们将只有大约0.67的平均绝对误差
#mean_abserror(5.87, wine_test$quality)
mean(abs(rep(5.87,length(wine_test$quality))-wine_test$quality))#平均值的MAE为0.67## [1] 0.6722474回归树(MSE=0.59)比估算的均值(MSE=0.67)平均更接近于真实的质量分数，但相差不大,所以模型需要改进
3.6提高模型的性能—-模型树（改进模型）
模型树算法为M5算法—改进以后为M5’算法 M5‘算法在R中通过Rweka包和M5P()函数可以得到
library(RWeka)#调用的时候需要联网
##############
#### make_Weka_package_loader("lazyBayesianRules") #加载weka相关的包
#### list_Weka_interfaces() #列出weka中可以调用的函数，不够的话可以下载
#### WPM("list-packages", "installed")
#### WPM("list-packages", "available")
######################################
# 应该是Rweka中默认没有这个函数，需要自己安装以后调用
#好像在这里调用的时候，要安装weka
## 调用方法cbind(d,iris[,5])
#LBR=make_Weka_classifier("weka/classifiers/lazy/LBR")
#a=LBR(Species~., data=iris)
#RF <-make_Weka_classifier("weka/classifiers/trees/RandomForest")
# a=RF(Species~., data=iris)
###############################
####
M5P <- make_Weka_classifier("weka/classifiers/trees/M5P")#必须调用
m.m5p <- M5P(quality~., data = wine_train)
# 画树图
m.m5p## M5 pruned model tree:
## (using smoothed linear models)
##
## alcohol <= 10.85 :
## | volatile.acidity <= 0.237 :
## | | fixed.acidity <= 6.85 :
## | | | sulphates <= 0.485 :
## | | | | fixed.acidity <= 6.55 :
## | | | | | chlorides <= 0.038 : LM1 (34/79.918%)
## | | | | | chlorides > 0.038 :
## | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 42 : LM2 (65/50.3%)
## | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 42 : LM3 (53/59.54%)
## | | | | fixed.acidity > 6.55 :
## | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide <= 132 : LM4 (38/51.023%)
## | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide > 132 :
## | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide <= 148.5 : LM5 (16/50.024%)
## | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide > 148.5 : LM6 (27/48.375%)
## | | | sulphates > 0.485 :
## | | | | alcohol <= 10.117 :
## | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide <= 124 :
## | | | | | | pH <= 3.26 : LM7 (19/0%)
## | | | | | | pH > 3.26 :
## | | | | | | | pH <= 3.295 : LM8 (3/0%)
## | | | | | | | pH > 3.295 : LM9 (11/0%)
## | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide > 124 :
## | | | | | | fixed.acidity <= 6.65 :
## | | | | | | | density <= 0.995 : LM10 (22/41.911%)
## | | | | | | | density > 0.995 :
## | | | | | | | | residual.sugar <= 13.3 :
## | | | | | | | | | density <= 0.997 : LM11 (6/28.351%)
## | | | | | | | | | density > 0.997 : LM12 (5/0%)
## | | | | | | | | residual.sugar > 13.3 : LM13 (6/0%)
## | | | | | | fixed.acidity > 6.65 :
## | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 32 : LM14 (5/0%)
## | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 32 :
## | | | | | | | | residual.sugar <= 11.4 :
## | | | | | | | | | chlorides <= 0.041 : LM15 (3/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | chlorides > 0.041 :
## | | | | | | | | | | sulphates <= 0.55 : LM16 (3/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | sulphates > 0.55 : LM17 (2/0%)
## | | | | | | | | residual.sugar > 11.4 : LM18 (3/0%)
## | | | | alcohol > 10.117 :
## | | | | | chlorides <= 0.042 : LM19 (34/58.912%)
## | | | | | chlorides > 0.042 : LM20 (51/51.98%)
## | | fixed.acidity > 6.85 :
## | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 24.5 :
## | | | | chlorides <= 0.037 : LM21 (30/106.707%)
## | | | | chlorides > 0.037 : LM22 (83/75.354%)
## | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 24.5 :
## | | | | alcohol <= 9.15 :
## | | | | | citric.acid <= 0.305 :
## | | | | | | residual.sugar <= 14.45 :
## | | | | | | | residual.sugar <= 13.8 :
## | | | | | | | | chlorides <= 0.052 : LM23 (6/77.537%)
## | | | | | | | | chlorides > 0.052 : LM24 (13/0%)
## | | | | | | | residual.sugar > 13.8 : LM25 (11/0%)
## | | | | | | residual.sugar > 14.45 : LM26 (12/0%)
## | | | | | citric.acid > 0.305 :
## | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide <= 169.5 :
## | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide <= 161.5 :
## | | | | | | | | pH <= 3.355 :
## | | | | | | | | | volatile.acidity <= 0.215 :
## | | | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 44 : LM27 (3/53.19%)
## | | | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 44 : LM28 (8/48.858%)
## | | | | | | | | | volatile.acidity > 0.215 : LM29 (3/0%)
## | | | | | | | | pH > 3.355 : LM30 (4/0%)
## | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide > 161.5 : LM31 (6/0%)
## | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide > 169.5 :
## | | | | | | | sulphates <= 0.56 :
## | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 48.5 : LM32 (7/0%)
## | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 48.5 :
## | | | | | | | | | fixed.acidity <= 7.3 : LM33 (5/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | fixed.acidity > 7.3 : LM34 (4/0%)
## | | | | | | | sulphates > 0.56 : LM35 (11/0%)
## | | | | alcohol > 9.15 :
## | | | | | density <= 0.996 :
## | | | | | | sulphates <= 0.395 : LM36 (38/85.791%)
## | | | | | | sulphates > 0.395 :
## | | | | | | | volatile.acidity <= 0.195 : LM37 (66/59.494%)
## | | | | | | | volatile.acidity > 0.195 : LM38 (54/79.956%)
## | | | | | density > 0.996 :
## | | | | | | residual.sugar <= 14.7 : LM39 (84/45.874%)
## | | | | | | residual.sugar > 14.7 : LM40 (24/62.764%)
## | volatile.acidity > 0.237 :
## | | alcohol <= 10.15 :
## | | | volatile.acidity <= 0.302 :
## | | | | citric.acid <= 0.265 :
## | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 25.5 : LM41 (39/41.77%)
## | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 25.5 :
## | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide <= 143.5 :
## | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide <= 114 : LM42 (8/0%)
## | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide > 114 :
## | | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide <= 132 :
## | | | | | | | | | pH <= 3.105 :
## | | | | | | | | | | citric.acid <= 0.205 : LM43 (2/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | citric.acid > 0.205 :
## | | | | | | | | | | | fixed.acidity <= 6.8 : LM44 (2/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | | fixed.acidity > 6.8 : LM45 (2/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | pH > 3.105 : LM46 (7/0%)
## | | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide > 132 :
## | | | | | | | | | chlorides <= 0.04 : LM47 (4/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | chlorides > 0.04 : LM48 (9/35.46%)
## | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide > 143.5 : LM49 (97/66.41%)
## | | | | citric.acid > 0.265 :
## | | | | | citric.acid <= 0.395 :
## | | | | | | residual.sugar <= 12.825 :
## | | | | | | | sulphates <= 0.475 : LM50 (49/50.397%)
## | | | | | | | sulphates > 0.475 :
## | | | | | | | | chlorides <= 0.05 : LM51 (59/65.173%)
## | | | | | | | | chlorides > 0.05 : LM52 (25/62.229%)
## | | | | | | residual.sugar > 12.825 :
## | | | | | | | pH <= 3.185 :
## | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 29 : LM53 (11/0%)
## | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 29 :
## | | | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide <= 179.5 :
## | | | | | | | | | | fixed.acidity <= 6.75 : LM54 (5/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | fixed.acidity > 6.75 : LM55 (16/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide > 179.5 :
## | | | | | | | | | | density <= 0.998 :
## | | | | | | | | | | | fixed.acidity <= 7 : LM56 (2/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | | fixed.acidity > 7 : LM57 (3/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | density > 0.998 : LM58 (17/47.23%)
## | | | | | | | pH > 3.185 :
## | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 56.5 :
## | | | | | | | | | residual.sugar <= 17.675 :
## | | | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 30.5 : LM59 (5/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 30.5 :
## | | | | | | | | | | | citric.acid <= 0.31 : LM60 (3/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | | citric.acid > 0.31 :
## | | | | | | | | | | | | chlorides <= 0.054 : LM61 (5/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | | | chlorides > 0.054 : LM62 (2/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | residual.sugar > 17.675 : LM63 (5/0%)
## | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 56.5 : LM64 (6/0%)
## | | | | | citric.acid > 0.395 :
## | | | | | | pH <= 3.205 :
## | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide <= 172.5 :
## | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 29.5 :
## | | | | | | | | | fixed.acidity <= 9.4 : LM65 (11/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | fixed.acidity > 9.4 : LM66 (3/53.19%)
## | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 29.5 :
## | | | | | | | | | density <= 0.998 :
## | | | | | | | | | | sulphates <= 0.415 : LM67 (7/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | sulphates > 0.415 :
## | | | | | | | | | | | fixed.acidity <= 7.1 : LM68 (21/42.821%)
## | | | | | | | | | | | fixed.acidity > 7.1 : LM69 (6/42.05%)
## | | | | | | | | | density > 0.998 : LM70 (20/49.357%)
## | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide > 172.5 :
## | | | | | | | | citric.acid <= 0.505 :
## | | | | | | | | | citric.acid <= 0.435 :
## | | | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 63 :
## | | | | | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide <= 197 : LM71 (5/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide > 197 : LM72 (10/32.187%)
## | | | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 63 : LM73 (5/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | citric.acid > 0.435 :
## | | | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 59.5 : LM74 (25/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 59.5 :
## | | | | | | | | | | | fixed.acidity <= 6.25 : LM75 (5/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | | fixed.acidity > 6.25 :
## | | | | | | | | | | | | citric.acid <= 0.445 : LM76 (4/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | | | citric.acid > 0.445 : LM77 (5/26.531%)
## | | | | | | | | citric.acid > 0.505 :
## | | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 58.5 :
## | | | | | | | | | | volatile.acidity <= 0.285 :
## | | | | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 42.5 : LM78 (3/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 42.5 :
## | | | | | | | | | | | | citric.acid <= 0.515 : LM79 (3/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | | | citric.acid > 0.515 : LM80 (4/30.264%)
## | | | | | | | | | | volatile.acidity > 0.285 : LM81 (3/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 58.5 : LM82 (7/0%)
## | | | | | | pH > 3.205 : LM83 (42/58.71%)
## | | | volatile.acidity > 0.302 :
## | | | | volatile.acidity <= 0.422 :
## | | | | | pH <= 3.235 :
## | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide <= 153.5 :
## | | | | | | | pH <= 3.055 : LM84 (26/21.699%)
## | | | | | | | pH > 3.055 :
## | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 34.5 :
## | | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 20.5 :
## | | | | | | | | | | sulphates <= 0.445 :
## | | | | | | | | | | | density <= 0.993 : LM85 (5/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | | density > 0.993 :
## | | | | | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 14 : LM86 (6/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 14 :
## | | | | | | | | | | | | | density <= 0.996 : LM87 (8/48.858%)
## | | | | | | | | | | | | | density > 0.996 : LM88 (3/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | sulphates > 0.445 :
## | | | | | | | | | | | pH <= 3.175 :
## | | | | | | | | | | | | fixed.acidity <= 7.55 :
## | | | | | | | | | | | | | chlorides <= 0.052 : LM89 (4/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | | | | chlorides > 0.052 : LM90 (7/29.301%)
## | | | | | | | | | | | | fixed.acidity > 7.55 : LM91 (3/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | | pH > 3.175 : LM92 (5/31.989%)
## | | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 20.5 :
## | | | | | | | | | | residual.sugar <= 7.25 :
## | | | | | | | | | | | volatile.acidity <= 0.315 : LM93 (5/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | | volatile.acidity > 0.315 :
## | | | | | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 29.5 :
## | | | | | | | | | | | | | sulphates <= 0.47 : LM94 (8/32.572%)
## | | | | | | | | | | | | | sulphates > 0.47 : LM95 (6/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 29.5 : LM96 (5/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | residual.sugar > 7.25 : LM97 (15/0%)
## | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 34.5 : LM98 (23/23.01%)
## | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide > 153.5 :
## | | | | | | | citric.acid <= 0.405 :
## | | | | | | | | volatile.acidity <= 0.345 : LM99 (75/52.518%)
## | | | | | | | | volatile.acidity > 0.345 :
## | | | | | | | | | pH <= 3.105 :
## | | | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 46.5 : LM100 (7/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 46.5 : LM101 (7/19.418%)
## | | | | | | | | | pH > 3.105 : LM102 (32/56.306%)
## | | | | | | | citric.acid > 0.405 :
## | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 61.5 :
## | | | | | | | | | citric.acid <= 0.485 :
## | | | | | | | | | | volatile.acidity <= 0.365 : LM103 (16/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | volatile.acidity > 0.365 :
## | | | | | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide <= 179.5 : LM104 (4/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide > 179.5 : LM105 (2/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | citric.acid > 0.485 :
## | | | | | | | | | | fixed.acidity <= 7.55 :
## | | | | | | | | | | | residual.sugar <= 10.85 : LM106 (12/43.907%)
## | | | | | | | | | | | residual.sugar > 10.85 : LM107 (8/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | fixed.acidity > 7.55 : LM108 (19/38.717%)
## | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 61.5 :
## | | | | | | | | | alcohol <= 8.75 : LM109 (4/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | alcohol > 8.75 : LM110 (12/0%)
## | | | | | pH > 3.235 : LM111 (97/68.305%)
## | | | | volatile.acidity > 0.422 : LM112 (128/68.354%)
## | | alcohol > 10.15 :
## | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 26.5 :
## | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 17.5 :
## | | | | | sulphates <= 0.475 :
## | | | | | | chlorides <= 0.032 : LM113 (12/0%)
## | | | | | | chlorides > 0.032 : LM114 (33/62.949%)
## | | | | | sulphates > 0.475 :
## | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide <= 90.5 : LM115 (13/83.25%)
## | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide > 90.5 : LM116 (13/89.087%)
## | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 17.5 : LM117 (80/68.84%)
## | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 26.5 :
## | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide <= 161.5 :
## | | | | | pH <= 3.325 : LM118 (105/73.188%)
## | | | | | pH > 3.325 :
## | | | | | | density <= 0.994 :
## | | | | | | | volatile.acidity <= 0.278 : LM119 (8/0%)
## | | | | | | | volatile.acidity > 0.278 :
## | | | | | | | | residual.sugar <= 2.05 : LM120 (11/36.291%)
## | | | | | | | | residual.sugar > 2.05 : LM121 (5/0%)
## | | | | | | density > 0.994 :
## | | | | | | | chlorides <= 0.038 :
## | | | | | | | | alcohol <= 10.45 : LM122 (2/56.416%)
## | | | | | | | | alcohol > 10.45 : LM123 (4/0%)
## | | | | | | | chlorides > 0.038 : LM124 (7/0%)
## | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide > 161.5 : LM125 (77/77.736%)
## alcohol > 10.85 :
## | alcohol <= 11.767 :
## | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 21.5 :
## | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 11.5 :
## | | | | density <= 0.992 : LM126 (19/84.403%)
## | | | | density > 0.992 :
## | | | | | fixed.acidity <= 6.85 : LM127 (6/108.029%)
## | | | | | fixed.acidity > 6.85 : LM128 (21/69.935%)
## | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 11.5 :
## | | | | volatile.acidity <= 0.195 : LM129 (36/61.98%)
## | | | | volatile.acidity > 0.195 :
## | | | | | chlorides <= 0.036 : LM130 (34/115.199%)
## | | | | | chlorides > 0.036 : LM131 (59/78.207%)
## | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 21.5 :
## | | | fixed.acidity <= 7.35 :
## | | | | citric.acid <= 0.265 : LM132 (82/61.849%)
## | | | | citric.acid > 0.265 :
## | | | | | sulphates <= 0.585 :
## | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide <= 136.5 :
## | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide <= 101.5 : LM133 (54/63.926%)
## | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide > 101.5 : LM134 (99/92.852%)
## | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide > 136.5 : LM135 (67/68.985%)
## | | | | | sulphates > 0.585 : LM136 (75/60.543%)
## | | | fixed.acidity > 7.35 :
## | | | | fixed.acidity <= 8.15 : LM137 (92/78.47%)
## | | | | fixed.acidity > 8.15 : LM138 (26/102.779%)
## | alcohol > 11.767 :
## | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 21.5 : LM139 (181/88.599%)
## | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 21.5 :
## | | | residual.sugar <= 1.85 :
## | | | | pH <= 3.295 : LM140 (120/66.869%)
## | | | | pH > 3.295 : LM141 (46/68.585%)
## | | | residual.sugar > 1.85 :
## | | | | sulphates <= 0.495 :
## | | | | | chlorides <= 0.035 :
## | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide <= 112.5 : LM142 (48/80.266%)
## | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide > 112.5 :
## | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 41.5 :
## | | | | | | | | fixed.acidity <= 6.95 : LM143 (29/58.058%)
## | | | | | | | | fixed.acidity > 6.95 :
## | | | | | | | | | alcohol <= 12.6 :
## | | | | | | | | | | alcohol <= 11.85 : LM144 (4/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | alcohol > 11.85 : LM145 (11/48.112%)
## | | | | | | | | | alcohol > 12.6 : LM146 (9/0%)
## | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 41.5 :
## | | | | | | | | pH <= 3.05 : LM147 (7/39.483%)
## | | | | | | | | pH > 3.05 : LM148 (21/59.02%)
## | | | | | chlorides > 0.035 :
## | | | | | | volatile.acidity <= 0.245 : LM149 (34/83.494%)
## | | | | | | volatile.acidity > 0.245 :
## | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide <= 147.5 : LM150 (59/68.359%)
## | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide > 147.5 : LM151 (21/59.587%)
## | | | | sulphates > 0.495 :
## | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide <= 104.5 : LM152 (46/49.848%)
## | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide > 104.5 :
## | | | | | | fixed.acidity <= 7.15 :
## | | | | | | | fixed.acidity <= 6.15 :
## | | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide <= 123 : LM153 (10/32.843%)
## | | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide > 123 :
## | | | | | | | | | fixed.acidity <= 5.6 :
## | | | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide <= 26 : LM154 (2/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | free.sulfur.dioxide > 26 : LM155 (3/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | fixed.acidity > 5.6 : LM156 (5/0%)
## | | | | | | | fixed.acidity > 6.15 :
## | | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide <= 133.5 :
## | | | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide <= 110.5 : LM157 (7/39.483%)
## | | | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide > 110.5 :
## | | | | | | | | | | chlorides <= 0.033 : LM158 (11/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | chlorides > 0.033 :
## | | | | | | | | | | | sulphates <= 0.565 : LM159 (3/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | | | sulphates > 0.565 : LM160 (4/0%)
## | | | | | | | | total.sulfur.dioxide > 133.5 :
## | | | | | | | | | alcohol <= 12.25 : LM161 (4/0%)
## | | | | | | | | | alcohol > 12.25 : LM162 (5/42.761%)
## | | | | | | fixed.acidity > 7.15 : LM163 (18/56.779%)
##
## LM num: 1
## quality =
## 0.0441 * volatile.acidity
## + 1.1525 * citric.acid
## + 0.2871 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0217 * chlorides
## + 0.1126 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0048 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0 * density
## - 47.7049 * pH
## + 0.3169 * sulphates
## + 0.3086 * alcohol
## + 48.7806
##
## LM num: 2
## quality =
## 0.0441 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.2359 * citric.acid
## + 0.1502 * residual.sugar
## + 0.015 * chlorides
## + 0.1126 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 26.2386 * density
## - 34.3822 * pH
## + 0.174 * sulphates
## + 0.1016 * alcohol
## + 64.8657
##
## LM num: 3
## quality =
## 0.0441 * volatile.acidity
## + 1.1924 * citric.acid
## + 0.1237 * residual.sugar
## + 0.015 * chlorides
## + 0.1126 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 30.8689 * density
## - 34.3581 * pH
## + 0.174 * sulphates
## + 0.0967 * alcohol
## + 69.0853
##
## LM num: 4
## quality =
## -0.7764 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.3428 * citric.acid
## + 0.0672 * residual.sugar
## + 1.4754 * chlorides
## + 0.1109 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0 * density
## - 33.2781 * pH
## + 2.3466 * sulphates
## + 0.1861 * alcohol
## + 36.9842
##
## LM num: 5
## quality =
## -0.7043 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.3428 * citric.acid
## + 0.0672 * residual.sugar
## + 1.3494 * chlorides
## + 0.1202 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0031 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0 * density
## - 33.2781 * pH
## + 0.9067 * sulphates
## + 0.1812 * alcohol
## + 36.3733
##
## LM num: 6
## quality =
## -0.7043 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.3428 * citric.acid
## + 0.0672 * residual.sugar
## + 1.3494 * chlorides
## + 0.111 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0023 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0 * density
## - 33.2781 * pH
## + 0.9067 * sulphates
## + 0.1812 * alcohol
## + 37.0739
##
## LM num: 7
## quality =
## 0.0715 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0724 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.8627 * citric.acid
## - 0.012 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0158 * chlorides
## + 0.1126 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0009 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0005 * density
## - 35.9382 * pH
## + 0.035 * sulphates
## + 0.1552 * alcohol
## + 41.2295
##
## LM num: 8
## quality =
## 0.0715 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0724 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.8627 * citric.acid
## - 0.012 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0158 * chlorides
## + 0.1126 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0009 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0005 * density
## - 35.2429 * pH
## + 0.035 * sulphates
## + 0.1552 * alcohol
## + 38.7956
##
## LM num: 9
## quality =
## 0.0715 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0724 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.8627 * citric.acid
## - 0.012 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0158 * chlorides
## + 0.1126 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0009 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0005 * density
## - 35.4569 * pH
## + 0.035 * sulphates
## + 0.1552 * alcohol
## + 39.5718
##
## LM num: 10
## quality =
## 0.1337 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0724 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.8627 * citric.acid
## + 0.0032 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0158 * chlorides
## + 0.1078 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0006 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 12.3946 * density
## - 35.8336 * pH
## + 0.035 * sulphates
## + 0.1552 * alcohol
## + 28.1942
##
## LM num: 11
## quality =
## 0.2426 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0724 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.8627 * citric.acid
## + 0.025 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0158 * chlorides
## + 0.1075 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0006 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 26.8954 * density
## - 36.0338 * pH
## + 0.035 * sulphates
## + 0.1552 * alcohol
## + 66.8444
##
## LM num: 12
## quality =
## 0.2426 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0724 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.8627 * citric.acid
## + 0.0192 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0158 * chlorides
## + 0.1075 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0006 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 28.4276 * density
## - 36.0338 * pH
## + 0.035 * sulphates
## + 0.1552 * alcohol
## + 68.4143
##
## LM num: 13
## quality =
## 0.2685 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0724 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.8627 * citric.acid
## + 0.0032 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0158 * chlorides
## + 0.1075 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0006 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 11.355 * density
## - 36.0338 * pH
## + 0.035 * sulphates
## + 0.1552 * alcohol
## + 28.8194
##
## LM num: 14
## quality =
## 0.1965 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0724 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.8627 * citric.acid
## + 0.0324 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0158 * chlorides
## + 0.1044 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0006 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 49.1196 * density
## - 35.8909 * pH
## + 0.035 * sulphates
## + 0.1552 * alcohol
## + 89.241
##
## LM num: 15
## quality =
## 0.1965 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0724 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.8627 * citric.acid
## + 0.0283 * residual.sugar
## - 7.3015 * chlorides
## + 0.1052 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0006 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 49.1196 * density
## - 35.8909 * pH
## + 0.035 * sulphates
## + 0.1552 * alcohol
## + 89.4915
##
## LM num: 16
## quality =
## 0.1965 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0724 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.8627 * citric.acid
## + 0.0283 * residual.sugar
## - 7.0229 * chlorides
## + 0.1052 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0006 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 49.1196 * density
## - 35.8909 * pH
## + 0.2111 * sulphates
## + 0.1552 * alcohol
## + 89.3683
##
## LM num: 17
## quality =
## 0.1965 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0724 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.8627 * citric.acid
## + 0.0283 * residual.sugar
## - 7.0229 * chlorides
## + 0.1052 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0006 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 49.1196 * density
## - 35.8909 * pH
## + 0.2214 * sulphates
## + 0.1552 * alcohol
## + 89.3642
##
## LM num: 18
## quality =
## 0.1965 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0724 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.8627 * citric.acid
## + 0.0283 * residual.sugar
## - 5.774 * chlorides
## + 0.1052 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0006 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 49.1196 * density
## - 35.8909 * pH
## + 0.035 * sulphates
## + 0.1552 * alcohol
## + 89.4132
##
## LM num: 19
## quality =
## -3.314 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.8771 * citric.acid
## - 0.012 * residual.sugar
## + 0.016 * chlorides
## + 0.115 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0013 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0005 * density
## - 36.2617 * pH
## + 1.7704 * sulphates
## + 0.1552 * alcohol
## + 41.5421
##
## LM num: 20
## quality =
## 0.0737 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.8771 * citric.acid
## - 0.012 * residual.sugar
## + 0.016 * chlorides
## + 0.1143 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.001 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0005 * density
## - 36.2617 * pH
## + 0.035 * sulphates
## + 0.1552 * alcohol
## + 41.7077
##
## LM num: 21
## quality =
## -0.336 * fixed.acidity
## - 0.0911 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.8082 * citric.acid
## - 0.1062 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0331 * chlorides
## + 0.0973 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0006 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0003 * density
## - 88.2321 * pH
## + 0.0323 * sulphates
## + 0.2628 * alcohol
## + 91.4131
##
## LM num: 22
## quality =
## -0.1356 * fixed.acidity
## - 0.0466 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.8082 * citric.acid
## - 0.1062 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0221 * chlorides
## + 0.0973 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0006 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0003 * density
## - 55.2776 * pH
## - 0.847 * sulphates
## - 0.1116 * alcohol
## + 62.5581
##
## LM num: 23
## quality =
## 0.0713 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0012 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.5127 * citric.acid
## - 0.1767 * residual.sugar
## + 105.2911 * chlorides
## + 0.0943 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0002 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0001 * density
## - 31.5856 * pH
## + 0.0323 * sulphates
## + 0.1199 * alcohol
## + 32.2345
##
## LM num: 24
## quality =
## 0.0713 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0012 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.5127 * citric.acid
## - 0.1767 * residual.sugar
## + 99.3471 * chlorides
## + 0.0943 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0002 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0001 * density
## - 31.5856 * pH
## + 0.0323 * sulphates
## + 0.1199 * alcohol
## + 32.6786
##
## LM num: 25
## quality =
## 0.0932 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0012 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.5127 * citric.acid
## - 0.1807 * residual.sugar
## + 95.7703 * chlorides
## + 0.0943 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0002 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0001 * density
## - 31.5856 * pH
## + 0.0323 * sulphates
## + 0.1199 * alcohol
## + 32.9544
##
## LM num: 26
## quality =
## 0.0012 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.5127 * citric.acid
## - 0.157 * residual.sugar
## + 54.236 * chlorides
## + 0.0943 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0002 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0001 * density
## - 31.5856 * pH
## + 0.0323 * sulphates
## + 0.1199 * alcohol
## + 35.4429
##
## LM num: 27
## quality =
## -1.6198 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.9058 * citric.acid
## - 0.1764 * residual.sugar
## + 5.7111 * chlorides
## + 0.0824 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0002 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0001 * density
## - 30.985 * pH
## + 0.0323 * sulphates
## + 0.1199 * alcohol
## + 36.9235
##
## LM num: 28
## quality =
## -1.6198 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.9058 * citric.acid
## - 0.1764 * residual.sugar
## + 5.7111 * chlorides
## + 0.0829 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0002 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0001 * density
## - 30.985 * pH
## + 0.0323 * sulphates
## + 0.1199 * alcohol
## + 36.8808
##
## LM num: 29
## quality =
## -2.3403 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.9058 * citric.acid
## - 0.1764 * residual.sugar
## + 5.7111 * chlorides
## + 0.0825 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0002 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0001 * density
## - 30.985 * pH
## + 0.0323 * sulphates
## + 0.1199 * alcohol
## + 37.0118
##
## LM num: 30
## quality =
## 0.0012 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.9058 * citric.acid
## - 0.1764 * residual.sugar
## + 5.7111 * chlorides
## + 0.0906 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0002 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0001 * density
## - 30.7969 * pH
## + 0.0323 * sulphates
## + 0.1199 * alcohol
## + 35.686
##
## LM num: 31
## quality =
## 0.0012 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.9058 * citric.acid
## - 0.1764 * residual.sugar
## + 5.7111 * chlorides
## + 0.0906 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0002 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0001 * density
## - 31.3423 * pH
## + 0.0323 * sulphates
## + 0.1199 * alcohol
## + 37.5168
##
## LM num: 32
## quality =
## -0.0583 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0012 * volatile.acidity
## - 2.4348 * citric.acid
## - 0.1764 * residual.sugar
## + 5.7111 * chlorides
## + 0.0873 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0002 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0001 * density
## - 31.3597 * pH
## + 0.2469 * sulphates
## + 0.1199 * alcohol
## + 38.0548
##
## LM num: 33
## quality =
## -0.3052 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0012 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.5311 * citric.acid
## - 0.1764 * residual.sugar
## + 5.7111 * chlorides
## + 0.0874 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0002 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0001 * density
## - 31.3597 * pH
## + 0.2469 * sulphates
## + 0.1199 * alcohol
## + 39.1208
##
## LM num: 34
## quality =
## -0.3182 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0012 * volatile.acidity
## - 2.4124 * citric.acid
## - 0.1764 * residual.sugar
## + 5.7111 * chlorides
## + 0.0874 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0002 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0001 * density
## - 31.3597 * pH
## + 0.2469 * sulphates
## + 0.1199 * alcohol
## + 39.9144
##
## LM num: 35
## quality =
## -0.0695 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0012 * volatile.acidity
## - 2.2225 * citric.acid
## - 0.1764 * residual.sugar
## + 5.7111 * chlorides
## + 0.0882 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0002 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0001 * density
## - 31.3597 * pH
## + 0.2882 * sulphates
## + 0.1199 * alcohol
## + 37.9875
##
## LM num: 36
## quality =
## -0.4936 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0797 * volatile.acidity
## - 2.4188 * citric.acid
## - 0.1001 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0519 * chlorides
## + 1.2445 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0002 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 259.9948 * density
## - 113.2135 * pH
## + 0.5635 * sulphates
## + 1.1495 * alcohol
## - 145.8266
##
## LM num: 37
## quality =
## 0.0828 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.969 * citric.acid
## - 0.1235 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0408 * chlorides
## + 0.5557 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0002 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0001 * density
## - 100.2465 * pH
## + 0.996 * sulphates
## + 0.5283 * alcohol
## + 101.4098
##
## LM num: 38
## quality =
## 0.0903 * volatile.acidity
## - 2.0365 * citric.acid
## - 0.1001 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0425 * chlorides
## + 0.5477 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0002 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0001 * density
## - 104.9622 * pH
## - 0.577 * sulphates
## + 0.3658 * alcohol
## + 106.897
##
## LM num: 39
## quality =
## 0.0178 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.19 * citric.acid
## - 0.0789 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0199 * chlorides
## + 0.0973 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0002 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0001 * density
## - 46.7151 * pH
## + 0.1443 * sulphates
## + 0.1669 * alcohol
## + 51.8086
##
## LM num: 40
## quality =
## -10.4475 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.19 * citric.acid
## - 0.1001 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0199 * chlorides
## + 0.0973 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0045 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0001 * density
## - 44.5739 * pH
## + 0.1443 * sulphates
## + 0.1669 * alcohol
## + 46.4726
##
## LM num: 41
## quality =
## -0.0389 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.2704 * citric.acid
## + 0.6445 * residual.sugar
## - 7.8452 * chlorides
## - 3.8883 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 13.1536 * pH
## - 0.2235 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## - 8.119
##
## LM num: 42
## quality =
## -0.0139 * volatile.acidity
## + 1.0352 * citric.acid
## + 1.021 * residual.sugar
## - 4.6438 * chlorides
## - 6.0203 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0062 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0008 * density
## + 2.2255 * pH
## - 0.088 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 3.2445
##
## LM num: 43
## quality =
## -0.0139 * volatile.acidity
## + 2.1609 * citric.acid
## + 1.021 * residual.sugar
## - 4.468 * chlorides
## - 6.0203 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0106 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0008 * density
## + 2.2255 * pH
## - 0.088 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 3.5435
##
## LM num: 44
## quality =
## 0.0064 * fixed.acidity
## - 0.0139 * volatile.acidity
## + 2.0942 * citric.acid
## + 1.021 * residual.sugar
## - 4.468 * chlorides
## - 6.0203 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0106 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0008 * density
## + 2.2255 * pH
## - 0.088 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 3.5252
##
## LM num: 45
## quality =
## 0.0064 * fixed.acidity
## - 0.0139 * volatile.acidity
## + 2.0942 * citric.acid
## + 1.021 * residual.sugar
## - 4.468 * chlorides
## - 6.0203 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0106 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0008 * density
## + 2.2255 * pH
## - 0.088 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 3.5263
##
## LM num: 46
## quality =
## -0.0139 * volatile.acidity
## + 1.4782 * citric.acid
## + 1.021 * residual.sugar
## - 4.468 * chlorides
## - 6.0203 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0106 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0008 * density
## + 2.2255 * pH
## - 0.088 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 3.6971
##
## LM num: 47
## quality =
## -1.201 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.462 * citric.acid
## + 1.021 * residual.sugar
## - 6.6391 * chlorides
## - 6.0203 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0106 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0008 * density
## + 2.2255 * pH
## - 0.088 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 4.277
##
## LM num: 48
## quality =
## -0.9537 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.462 * citric.acid
## + 1.021 * residual.sugar
## - 6.1868 * chlorides
## - 6.0203 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0106 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0008 * density
## + 2.2255 * pH
## - 0.088 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 4.1505
##
## LM num: 49
## quality =
## -0.0139 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.2704 * citric.acid
## + 0.5817 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0043 * chlorides
## - 3.4552 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0012 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0004 * density
## + 2.2255 * pH
## - 0.088 * sulphates
## + 0.3786 * alcohol
## - 0.2469
##
## LM num: 50
## quality =
## 0.0008 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.2959 * citric.acid
## - 0.0474 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0047 * chlorides
## + 0.0086 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0005 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0006 * density
## - 2.6496 * pH
## + 0.1176 * sulphates
## + 0.2759 * alcohol
## + 7.6238
##
## LM num: 51
## quality =
## -4.9088 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.0115 * citric.acid
## - 0.0376 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0047 * chlorides
## + 0.0013 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 18.5793 * density
## - 2.0509 * pH
## + 0.0785 * sulphates
## + 0.1838 * alcohol
## + 25.7793
##
## LM num: 52
## quality =
## -0.1456 * fixed.acidity
## - 1.5785 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.0115 * citric.acid
## - 0.0292 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0047 * chlorides
## + 0.0013 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 34.3713 * density
## - 2.3328 * pH
## + 0.0785 * sulphates
## + 0.1838 * alcohol
## + 42.2907
##
## LM num: 53
## quality =
## 0.0008 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.4721 * citric.acid
## - 0.1482 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0055 * chlorides
## + 0.0032 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.001 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 210.4054 * density
## - 2.8646 * pH
## + 0.0071 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## - 200.1769
##
## LM num: 54
## quality =
## 0.0825 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0008 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.159 * citric.acid
## - 0.1719 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0055 * chlorides
## + 0.0003 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.001 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 242.2666 * density
## - 2.8646 * pH
## + 0.0071 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## - 231.9683
##
## LM num: 55
## quality =
## 0.0532 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0008 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.159 * citric.acid
## - 0.1719 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0055 * chlorides
## + 0.0003 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.001 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 242.2666 * density
## - 2.8646 * pH
## + 0.0071 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## - 231.6859
##
## LM num: 56
## quality =
## -0.1877 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0008 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.159 * citric.acid
## - 0.2486 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0055 * chlorides
## + 0.0003 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.001 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 427.5436 * density
## - 2.8646 * pH
## + 0.0071 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## - 413.7531
##
## LM num: 57
## quality =
## -0.1845 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0008 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.159 * citric.acid
## - 0.2486 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0055 * chlorides
## + 0.0003 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.001 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 427.5436 * density
## - 2.8646 * pH
## + 0.0071 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## - 413.7844
##
## LM num: 58
## quality =
## -0.0812 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0008 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.159 * citric.acid
## - 0.2458 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0055 * chlorides
## + 0.0003 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.001 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 356.5653 * density
## - 2.8646 * pH
## + 0.0071 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## - 343.5685
##
## LM num: 59
## quality =
## 0.0008 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.6717 * citric.acid
## - 0.1076 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0055 * chlorides
## - 0.0068 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0016 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0001 * density
## - 3.0114 * pH
## + 0.0071 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 10.2583
##
## LM num: 60
## quality =
## 0.0008 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.1551 * citric.acid
## - 0.1076 * residual.sugar
## - 1.5548 * chlorides
## - 0.0068 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0016 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0001 * density
## - 3.0114 * pH
## + 0.0071 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 10.144
##
## LM num: 61
## quality =
## 0.0008 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.249 * citric.acid
## - 0.1076 * residual.sugar
## - 1.7884 * chlorides
## - 0.0068 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0016 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0001 * density
## - 3.0114 * pH
## + 0.0071 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 10.1955
##
## LM num: 62
## quality =
## 0.0008 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.249 * citric.acid
## - 0.1076 * residual.sugar
## - 1.8797 * chlorides
## - 0.0068 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0016 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0001 * density
## - 3.0114 * pH
## + 0.0071 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 10.1975
##
## LM num: 63
## quality =
## 0.0008 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.6717 * citric.acid
## - 0.1167 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0055 * chlorides
## - 0.0068 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0016 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0001 * density
## - 3.0114 * pH
## + 0.0071 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 10.3391
##
## LM num: 64
## quality =
## 0.0008 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.6717 * citric.acid
## - 0.1 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0055 * chlorides
## - 0.0091 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0016 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0001 * density
## - 3.0114 * pH
## + 0.0071 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 10.1278
##
## LM num: 65
## quality =
## 0.0725 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.718 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.1682 * citric.acid
## - 0.0186 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0034 * chlorides
## + 0.0064 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0005 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 113.4729 * density
## - 2.4685 * pH
## + 0.0071 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 119.1723
##
## LM num: 66
## quality =
## 0.0811 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.718 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.1682 * citric.acid
## - 0.0186 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0034 * chlorides
## + 0.0064 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0005 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 113.4729 * density
## - 2.4685 * pH
## + 0.0071 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 119.1496
##
## LM num: 67
## quality =
## -0.0242 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.718 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.1682 * citric.acid
## - 0.0348 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0034 * chlorides
## + 0.0034 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0005 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 71.247 * density
## - 2.4685 * pH
## + 0.0071 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 78.3345
##
## LM num: 68
## quality =
## 0.1091 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.718 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.1682 * citric.acid
## - 0.0348 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0034 * chlorides
## + 0.0034 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0005 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 71.247 * density
## - 2.4685 * pH
## + 0.0071 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 77.4467
##
## LM num: 69
## quality =
## -0.0457 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.718 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.1682 * citric.acid
## - 0.0348 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0034 * chlorides
## + 0.0034 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0005 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 71.247 * density
## - 2.4685 * pH
## + 0.0071 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 78.4145
##
## LM num: 70
## quality =
## 0.0223 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.718 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.1682 * citric.acid
## - 0.0348 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0034 * chlorides
## + 0.0108 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0005 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 76.2837 * density
## - 2.4685 * pH
## + 0.0071 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 82.4543
##
## LM num: 71
## quality =
## -3.9696 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.4571 * citric.acid
## - 0.0473 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0034 * chlorides
## - 0.0026 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0035 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 16.6994 * density
## - 2.4685 * pH
## + 0.0071 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 24.7381
##
## LM num: 72
## quality =
## -4.7084 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.4571 * citric.acid
## - 0.0473 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0034 * chlorides
## - 0.0026 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0031 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 16.6994 * density
## - 2.4685 * pH
## + 0.0071 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 25.035
##
## LM num: 73
## quality =
## -3.3578 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.4571 * citric.acid
## - 0.0473 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0034 * chlorides
## - 0.0044 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0024 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 16.6994 * density
## - 2.4685 * pH
## + 0.0071 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 24.8515
##
## LM num: 74
## quality =
## 0.6341 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.4571 * citric.acid
## - 0.0473 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0034 * chlorides
## + 0.0024 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0006 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 16.6994 * density
## - 2.4685 * pH
## + 0.0071 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 23.6957
##
## LM num: 75
## quality =
## 0.6341 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.4571 * citric.acid
## - 0.0473 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0034 * chlorides
## + 0.0029 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0006 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 16.6994 * density
## - 2.4685 * pH
## + 0.0071 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 23.7125
##
## LM num: 76
## quality =
## -0.0519 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.6341 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.8082 * citric.acid
## - 0.0473 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0034 * chlorides
## + 0.0029 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0006 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 16.6994 * density
## - 2.4685 * pH
## + 0.0071 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 23.4937
##
## LM num: 77
## quality =
## -0.0626 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.6341 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.745 * citric.acid
## - 0.0473 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0034 * chlorides
## + 0.0029 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0006 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 16.6994 * density
## - 2.4685 * pH
## + 0.0071 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 23.6075
##
## LM num: 78
## quality =
## 2.9992 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.6457 * citric.acid
## - 0.0473 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0034 * chlorides
## + 0.0041 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0006 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 16.6994 * density
## - 2.4685 * pH
## + 0.0071 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 23.5858
##
## LM num: 79
## quality =
## 2.9992 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.812 * citric.acid
## - 0.0473 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0034 * chlorides
## + 0.0035 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0006 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 16.6994 * density
## - 2.4685 * pH
## + 0.0071 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 23.7167
##
## LM num: 80
## quality =
## 2.9992 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.8033 * citric.acid
## - 0.0473 * residual.sugar
## + 1.2227 * chlorides
## + 0.0035 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0006 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 16.6994 * density
## - 2.4685 * pH
## + 0.0071 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 23.6596
##
## LM num: 81
## quality =
## 3.9189 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.6457 * citric.acid
## - 0.0473 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0034 * chlorides
## + 0.0011 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0006 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 16.6994 * density
## - 2.4685 * pH
## + 0.0071 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 23.5332
##
## LM num: 82
## quality =
## 0.6341 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.8821 * citric.acid
## - 0.0473 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0034 * chlorides
## + 0.0011 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0006 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 16.6994 * density
## - 2.4685 * pH
## + 0.0071 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 24.5179
##
## LM num: 83
## quality =
## 0.0008 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.1682 * citric.acid
## - 0.0533 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0034 * chlorides
## + 0.0091 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0032 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0011 * density
## - 2.4685 * pH
## + 0.0071 * sulphates
## + 0.3724 * alcohol
## + 3.2877
##
## LM num: 84
## quality =
## -0.0027 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.0362 * citric.acid
## + 0.0088 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0074 * chlorides
## - 0.0524 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0005 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 25.6121 * density
## - 13.2044 * pH
## + 0.0484 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 43.1306
##
## LM num: 85
## quality =
## 0.2956 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.0362 * citric.acid
## + 0.0175 * residual.sugar
## + 0.6945 * chlorides
## - 0.0509 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.001 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 61.8877 * density
## - 13.2044 * pH
## - 0.9473 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 79.3762
##
## LM num: 86
## quality =
## 0.2956 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.0362 * citric.acid
## + 0.0175 * residual.sugar
## + 0.6945 * chlorides
## - 0.0509 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.001 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 41.1384 * density
## - 13.2044 * pH
## - 0.9473 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 58.6546
##
## LM num: 87
## quality =
## 0.2956 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.0362 * citric.acid
## + 0.0175 * residual.sugar
## + 0.6945 * chlorides
## - 0.0509 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.001 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 34.7269 * density
## - 13.2044 * pH
## - 0.9473 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 52.272
##
## LM num: 88
## quality =
## 0.2956 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.0362 * citric.acid
## + 0.0175 * residual.sugar
## + 0.6945 * chlorides
## - 0.0509 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.001 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 31.8376 * density
## - 13.2044 * pH
## - 0.9473 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 49.4122
##
## LM num: 89
## quality =
## -0.0841 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.2956 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.0362 * citric.acid
## + 0.0175 * residual.sugar
## + 0.6945 * chlorides
## - 0.0447 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.001 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 61.8877 * density
## - 13.2044 * pH
## - 0.9925 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 79.6904
##
## LM num: 90
## quality =
## -0.1009 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.2956 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.0362 * citric.acid
## + 0.0175 * residual.sugar
## + 0.6945 * chlorides
## - 0.0436 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.001 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 61.8877 * density
## - 13.2044 * pH
## - 0.9925 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 79.7846
##
## LM num: 91
## quality =
## -0.0467 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.2956 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.0362 * citric.acid
## + 0.0175 * residual.sugar
## + 0.6945 * chlorides
## - 0.0463 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.001 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 61.8877 * density
## - 13.2044 * pH
## - 0.9925 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 79.445
##
## LM num: 92
## quality =
## 0.2956 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.0362 * citric.acid
## + 0.0175 * residual.sugar
## + 0.6945 * chlorides
## - 0.0509 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0033 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 61.8877 * density
## - 13.2044 * pH
## - 0.9925 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 78.9916
##
## LM num: 93
## quality =
## 0.2956 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.0362 * citric.acid
## + 0.0178 * residual.sugar
## + 0.7199 * chlorides
## - 0.0508 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.001 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 63.2058 * density
## - 13.2044 * pH
## - 0.4484 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 80.4296
##
## LM num: 94
## quality =
## 0.2956 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.0362 * citric.acid
## + 0.0178 * residual.sugar
## + 0.7199 * chlorides
## - 0.0469 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.001 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 63.2058 * density
## - 13.2044 * pH
## - 0.0489 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 80.1702
##
## LM num: 95
## quality =
## 0.2956 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.0362 * citric.acid
## + 0.0178 * residual.sugar
## + 0.7199 * chlorides
## - 0.0469 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.001 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 63.2058 * density
## - 13.2044 * pH
## - 0.4484 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 80.3346
##
## LM num: 96
## quality =
## 0.2956 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.0362 * citric.acid
## + 0.0178 * residual.sugar
## + 0.7199 * chlorides
## - 0.0451 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.001 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 63.2058 * density
## - 13.2044 * pH
## - 0.4484 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 80.3277
##
## LM num: 97
## quality =
## 0.2956 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.0362 * citric.acid
## + 0.0178 * residual.sugar
## + 0.7199 * chlorides
## - 0.0508 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.001 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 63.2058 * density
## - 13.2044 * pH
## - 0.4484 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 80.3823
##
## LM num: 98
## quality =
## 0.7431 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.0362 * citric.acid
## + 0.0149 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0074 * chlorides
## - 0.0535 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0008 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 52.4002 * density
## - 13.2044 * pH
## - 0.2867 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 69.5146
##
## LM num: 99
## quality =
## 0.1165 * fixed.acidity
## - 5.0949 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.4873 * citric.acid
## - 0.0384 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0078 * chlorides
## - 0.054 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.001 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0007 * density
## - 9.4979 * pH
## + 0.0484 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 11.8021
##
## LM num: 100
## quality =
## -2.652 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.6499 * citric.acid
## - 0.0245 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0078 * chlorides
## - 0.0578 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.001 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 29.8113 * density
## - 11.8021 * pH
## + 0.0484 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 49.0789
##
## LM num: 101
## quality =
## -7.037 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.6499 * citric.acid
## - 0.0245 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0078 * chlorides
## - 0.0578 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.001 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 29.8113 * density
## - 11.8021 * pH
## + 0.0484 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 50.7401
##
## LM num: 102
## quality =
## -0.0027 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.6499 * citric.acid
## - 0.0298 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0078 * chlorides
## - 0.054 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.001 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 18.3939 * density
## - 11.4626 * pH
## + 0.0484 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 35.3744
##
## LM num: 103
## quality =
## -0.0728 * fixed.acidity
## + 1.6671 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.2209 * citric.acid
## - 0.0649 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0084 * chlorides
## - 0.0555 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0008 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 36.7934 * density
## - 10.9157 * pH
## + 0.0484 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## - 21.4493
##
## LM num: 104
## quality =
## -0.0728 * fixed.acidity
## + 1.948 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.2209 * citric.acid
## - 0.0649 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0084 * chlorides
## - 0.0555 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0024 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 36.7934 * density
## - 10.9157 * pH
## + 0.0484 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## - 22.095
##
## LM num: 105
## quality =
## -0.0728 * fixed.acidity
## + 1.948 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.2209 * citric.acid
## - 0.0649 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0084 * chlorides
## - 0.0555 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0028 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 36.7934 * density
## - 10.9157 * pH
## + 0.0484 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## - 22.1494
##
## LM num: 106
## quality =
## -0.1177 * fixed.acidity
## + 1.8089 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.2209 * citric.acid
## - 0.0662 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0084 * chlorides
## - 0.0555 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0008 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 51.0623 * density
## - 10.9157 * pH
## + 0.0484 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## - 35.2849
##
## LM num: 107
## quality =
## -0.1177 * fixed.acidity
## + 1.8089 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.2209 * citric.acid
## - 0.065 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0084 * chlorides
## - 0.0555 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0008 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 62.7679 * density
## - 10.9157 * pH
## + 0.0484 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## - 46.8916
##
## LM num: 108
## quality =
## 0.0342 * fixed.acidity
## + 1.8404 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.2209 * citric.acid
## - 0.0733 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0084 * chlorides
## - 0.0555 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0008 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 63.8725 * density
## - 10.9157 * pH
## + 0.0484 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## - 49.296
##
## LM num: 109
## quality =
## -0.0441 * fixed.acidity
## - 0.0027 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.2209 * citric.acid
## - 0.0495 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0084 * chlorides
## - 0.0575 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0001 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0008 * density
## - 10.9157 * pH
## + 0.0484 * sulphates
## + 0.8929 * alcohol
## + 7.6713
##
## LM num: 110
## quality =
## -0.0441 * fixed.acidity
## - 0.0027 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.2209 * citric.acid
## - 0.0495 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0084 * chlorides
## - 0.0575 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0001 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0008 * density
## - 10.9157 * pH
## + 0.0484 * sulphates
## + 0.1136 * alcohol
## + 14.4754
##
## LM num: 111
## quality =
## -0.0027 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.1148 * citric.acid
## + 0.0361 * residual.sugar
## - 4.9638 * chlorides
## - 0.054 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0004 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 46.3999 * density
## - 10.1444 * pH
## + 0.1076 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 61.0133
##
## LM num: 112
## quality =
## -0.0099 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.1706 * citric.acid
## + 0.0877 * residual.sugar
## - 1.6965 * chlorides
## - 0.1659 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 148.1856 * density
## - 4.1889 * pH
## + 0.0195 * sulphates
## + 0.0154 * alcohol
## + 155.9224
##
## LM num: 113
## quality =
## 0.05 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.1299 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.7251 * citric.acid
## + 0.03 * residual.sugar
## + 5.4466 * chlorides
## + 0.0108 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 91.0349 * density
## - 232.9219 * pH
## + 1.0199 * sulphates
## + 0.7204 * alcohol
## + 321.6741
##
## LM num: 114
## quality =
## 0.0281 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.1299 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.7251 * citric.acid
## + 0.0487 * residual.sugar
## + 3.0956 * chlorides
## + 0.0114 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 191.7181 * density
## - 232.9219 * pH
## + 1.0199 * sulphates
## + 1.053 * alcohol
## + 418.345
##
## LM num: 115
## quality =
## -0.0796 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.1638 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.0488 * citric.acid
## + 0.0075 * residual.sugar
## - 6.131 * chlorides
## + 0.0333 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0193 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 114.6504 * density
## - 289.5485 * pH
## + 1.2817 * sulphates
## + 0.871 * alcohol
## + 400.5832
##
## LM num: 116
## quality =
## -0.0796 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.1638 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.0488 * citric.acid
## + 0.0075 * residual.sugar
## - 6.131 * chlorides
## + 0.0333 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0193 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 224.258 * density
## - 289.5485 * pH
## + 1.2817 * sulphates
## + 0.871 * alcohol
## + 509.7646
##
## LM num: 117
## quality =
## -2.1953 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.4573 * citric.acid
## + 0.0075 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0368 * chlorides
## + 0.0029 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 104.1588 * pH
## + 0.4335 * sulphates
## + 0.373 * alcohol
## + 107.6587
##
## LM num: 118
## quality =
## 0.1298 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0833 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.3103 * citric.acid
## + 0.0075 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0281 * chlorides
## + 0.0134 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0033 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0006 * density
## - 74.8635 * pH
## + 1.7116 * sulphates
## + 0.3762 * alcohol
## + 75.9054
##
## LM num: 119
## quality =
## 0.1511 * fixed.acidity
## - 0.4705 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.3103 * citric.acid
## + 0.0298 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0372 * chlorides
## + 0.0045 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0006 * density
## - 102.7968 * pH
## + 1.1043 * sulphates
## + 0.9362 * alcohol
## + 98.9235
##
## LM num: 120
## quality =
## 0.249 * fixed.acidity
## - 0.9498 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.3103 * citric.acid
## + 0.052 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0372 * chlorides
## + 0.0045 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0006 * density
## - 102.7968 * pH
## + 1.1043 * sulphates
## + 0.9362 * alcohol
## + 98.3844
##
## LM num: 121
## quality =
## 0.2148 * fixed.acidity
## - 0.6857 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.3103 * citric.acid
## + 0.0604 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0372 * chlorides
## + 0.0045 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0006 * density
## - 102.7968 * pH
## + 1.1043 * sulphates
## + 0.9362 * alcohol
## + 98.5157
##
## LM num: 122
## quality =
## 0.09 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.1267 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.3103 * citric.acid
## + 0.0075 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0372 * chlorides
## + 0.0045 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0006 * density
## - 102.7968 * pH
## + 1.1043 * sulphates
## + 1.5716 * alcohol
## + 92.3047
##
## LM num: 123
## quality =
## 0.09 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.1267 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.3103 * citric.acid
## + 0.0075 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0372 * chlorides
## + 0.0045 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0006 * density
## - 102.7968 * pH
## + 1.1043 * sulphates
## + 1.5519 * alcohol
## + 92.5294
##
## LM num: 124
## quality =
## 0.09 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.1267 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.3103 * citric.acid
## + 0.0075 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0372 * chlorides
## + 0.0045 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0006 * density
## - 102.7968 * pH
## + 1.1043 * sulphates
## + 1.3703 * alcohol
## + 94.3935
##
## LM num: 125
## quality =
## -1.2275 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.3952 * citric.acid
## + 0.0075 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0268 * chlorides
## - 0.0047 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0011 * density
## - 69.0546 * pH
## + 0.5221 * sulphates
## + 0.3033 * alcohol
## + 73.2245
##
## LM num: 126
## quality =
## -1.0831 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.0883 * citric.acid
## + 0.0312 * chlorides
## - 0.7007 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0139 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 22.4683 * density
## - 26.394 * pH
## + 0.1002 * sulphates
## + 0.0883 * alcohol
## + 9.0802
##
## LM num: 127
## quality =
## -0.1263 * fixed.acidity
## - 0.8836 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.0883 * citric.acid
## + 0.0312 * chlorides
## - 0.7007 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0139 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 18.1886 * density
## - 25.8945 * pH
## + 0.1002 * sulphates
## + 0.0883 * alcohol
## + 13.1705
##
## LM num: 128
## quality =
## -0.0737 * fixed.acidity
## - 0.8836 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.0883 * citric.acid
## + 0.0312 * chlorides
## - 0.7007 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0139 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 18.1886 * density
## - 25.6235 * pH
## + 0.1002 * sulphates
## + 0.0883 * alcohol
## + 11.7475
##
## LM num: 129
## quality =
## -0.2446 * fixed.acidity
## - 0.8398 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.9663 * citric.acid
## + 0.0114 * residual.sugar
## - 2.4939 * chlorides
## - 0.7007 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0063 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 18.7292 * pH
## + 0.1002 * sulphates
## + 0.2058 * alcohol
## + 25.7445
##
## LM num: 130
## quality =
## -0.0832 * fixed.acidity
## - 0.4038 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.5953 * citric.acid
## + 0.0054 * residual.sugar
## - 3.9739 * chlorides
## - 0.7007 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0063 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 19.0312 * pH
## + 0.1002 * sulphates
## + 0.1438 * alcohol
## + 25.5306
##
## LM num: 131
## quality =
## -0.0628 * fixed.acidity
## - 0.4038 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.5953 * citric.acid
## + 0.027 * residual.sugar
## - 3.0258 * chlorides
## - 0.7007 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0063 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 18.9292 * pH
## + 0.1002 * sulphates
## + 0.5389 * alcohol
## + 20.1476
##
## LM num: 132
## quality =
## -2.3075 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.4015 * citric.acid
## + 0.0226 * residual.sugar
## - 20.8152 * chlorides
## - 2.1571 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0015 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0001 * density
## - 51.6079 * pH
## + 0.315 * sulphates
## + 0.2853 * alcohol
## + 57.9795
##
## LM num: 133
## quality =
## 0.0671 * fixed.acidity
## - 0.1783 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.2425 * citric.acid
## + 0.0441 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0348 * chlorides
## - 1.1041 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0022 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 33.4512 * density
## - 68.5227 * pH
## + 0.4 * sulphates
## + 0.2244 * alcohol
## + 105.1386
##
## LM num: 134
## quality =
## 0.4632 * fixed.acidity
## - 0.0753 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.2425 * citric.acid
## + 0.1537 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0348 * chlorides
## - 1.1041 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0016 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 186.2735 * density
## - 67.2484 * pH
## + 0.4 * sulphates
## + 0.2244 * alcohol
## + 249.7897
##
## LM num: 135
## quality =
## 0.1219 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.2425 * citric.acid
## + 0.0226 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0471 * chlorides
## - 1.1041 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0007 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0001 * density
## - 97.8203 * pH
## + 0.5434 * sulphates
## + 0.2244 * alcohol
## + 101.7552
##
## LM num: 136
## quality =
## 0.0865 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.2425 * citric.acid
## + 0.0226 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0359 * chlorides
## - 1.091 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0012 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0001 * density
## - 67.0328 * pH
## + 0.4277 * sulphates
## + 0.3429 * alcohol
## + 68.987
##
## LM num: 137
## quality =
## 0.4784 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0026 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.2768 * citric.acid
## + 0.1841 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0141 * chlorides
## - 1.1672 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0001 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 211.4155 * density
## - 17.6025 * pH
## + 0.1569 * sulphates
## + 0.1728 * alcohol
## + 225.4304
##
## LM num: 138
## quality =
## -4.6535 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.2768 * citric.acid
## + 0.0946 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0141 * chlorides
## - 1.1792 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0008 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 54.2104 * density
## - 18.5195 * pH
## + 0.1569 * sulphates
## + 0.1728 * alcohol
## + 77.864
##
## LM num: 139
## quality =
## 0.1762 * fixed.acidity
## - 1.4589 * volatile.acidity
## - 1.1784 * citric.acid
## + 0.0965 * residual.sugar
## + 0.0142 * chlorides
## - 0.4975 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.001 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 275.9795 * density
## - 29.9264 * pH
## + 0.1477 * sulphates
## + 0.0755 * alcohol
## + 305.176
##
## LM num: 140
## quality =
## 0.2468 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.0815 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.0329 * citric.acid
## + 0.0203 * chlorides
## - 0.8849 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0013 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## - 279.5824 * density
## - 93.1644 * pH
## + 1.853 * sulphates
## + 0.2971 * alcohol
## + 369.0295
##
## LM num: 141
## quality =
## 0.2402 * fixed.acidity
## + 1.6298 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.1263 * citric.acid
## - 1.0018 * residual.sugar
## - 21.504 * chlorides
## - 0.8636 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0023 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0001 * density
## - 157.0559 * pH
## + 0.8123 * sulphates
## + 0.5055 * alcohol
## + 158.4107
##
## LM num: 142
## quality =
## -0.2213 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.2618 * citric.acid
## - 4.9049 * chlorides
## - 3.0539 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.001 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0003 * density
## - 41.8043 * pH
## + 0.2424 * sulphates
## + 0.1152 * alcohol
## + 47.2543
##
## LM num: 143
## quality =
## -0.1086 * fixed.acidity
## - 1.0489 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.3954 * citric.acid
## - 10.3856 * chlorides
## - 3.0363 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0043 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 42.4243 * density
## - 41.6169 * pH
## + 0.2424 * sulphates
## + 0.1152 * alcohol
## + 6.0839
##
## LM num: 144
## quality =
## -1.4305 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.3954 * citric.acid
## - 10.3856 * chlorides
## - 3.0452 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0006 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 45.328 * density
## - 41.6169 * pH
## + 0.2424 * sulphates
## + 0.2254 * alcohol
## + 1.2037
##
## LM num: 145
## quality =
## -1.4305 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.3954 * citric.acid
## - 10.3856 * chlorides
## - 3.0441 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0006 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 45.328 * density
## - 41.6169 * pH
## + 0.2424 * sulphates
## + 0.1808 * alcohol
## + 1.7476
##
## LM num: 146
## quality =
## -1.5077 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.3954 * citric.acid
## - 10.3856 * chlorides
## - 3.0423 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0006 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 45.328 * density
## - 41.6169 * pH
## + 0.2424 * sulphates
## + 0.0458 * alcohol
## + 3.2362
##
## LM num: 147
## quality =
## 0.1185 * volatile.acidity
## + 2.2026 * citric.acid
## - 14.5567 * chlorides
## - 3.0208 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0006 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 31.2728 * density
## - 40.8177 * pH
## + 0.2424 * sulphates
## + 0.1152 * alcohol
## + 11.4521
##
## LM num: 148
## quality =
## 0.0911 * fixed.acidity
## - 0.1912 * volatile.acidity
## + 2.4132 * citric.acid
## - 14.5567 * chlorides
## - 3.0123 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0006 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 31.2728 * density
## - 41.0701 * pH
## + 0.2424 * sulphates
## + 0.4563 * alcohol
## + 7.2276
##
## LM num: 149
## quality =
## -0.0288 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.0442 * citric.acid
## + 0.0225 * chlorides
## - 6.8736 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0004 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0004 * density
## - 43.2263 * pH
## + 0.2506 * sulphates
## + 0.1152 * alcohol
## + 48.8146
##
## LM num: 150
## quality =
## -0.234 * fixed.acidity
## - 0.0053 * volatile.acidity
## + 2.0345 * citric.acid
## - 3.1189 * chlorides
## - 5.1097 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0016 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0004 * density
## - 43.2263 * pH
## + 0.2506 * sulphates
## + 0.1152 * alcohol
## + 50.088
##
## LM num: 151
## quality =
## -0.0667 * fixed.acidity
## - 0.0053 * volatile.acidity
## + 0.4628 * citric.acid
## - 6.4349 * chlorides
## - 5.1097 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0029 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0004 * density
## - 43.2263 * pH
## - 1.5401 * sulphates
## + 0.1152 * alcohol
## + 50.2272
##
## LM num: 152
## quality =
## 0.0198 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.2189 * citric.acid
## + 0.0175 * chlorides
## - 2.0814 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0005 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0001 * density
## - 35.1322 * pH
## + 0.2 * sulphates
## + 0.1468 * alcohol
## + 41.1272
##
## LM num: 153
## quality =
## 0.1092 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.8248 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.1667 * citric.acid
## + 0.0175 * chlorides
## - 2.0752 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0033 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0001 * density
## - 35.1322 * pH
## + 0.2 * sulphates
## + 0.1468 * alcohol
## + 39.321
##
## LM num: 154
## quality =
## 0.1092 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.4394 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.1667 * citric.acid
## + 0.0175 * chlorides
## - 2.0706 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0033 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0001 * density
## - 35.1322 * pH
## + 0.2 * sulphates
## + 0.1468 * alcohol
## + 39.413
##
## LM num: 155
## quality =
## 0.1092 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.4394 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.1667 * citric.acid
## + 0.0175 * chlorides
## - 2.0709 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0033 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0001 * density
## - 35.1322 * pH
## + 0.2 * sulphates
## + 0.1468 * alcohol
## + 39.4285
##
## LM num: 156
## quality =
## 0.1092 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.4394 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.1667 * citric.acid
## + 0.0175 * chlorides
## - 2.0752 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0033 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0001 * density
## - 35.1322 * pH
## + 0.2 * sulphates
## + 0.1468 * alcohol
## + 39.5431
##
## LM num: 157
## quality =
## 0.078 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.3195 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.1667 * citric.acid
## + 0.0175 * chlorides
## - 2.0814 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0067 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0001 * density
## - 35.1322 * pH
## + 0.2 * sulphates
## + 0.1468 * alcohol
## + 41.4251
##
## LM num: 158
## quality =
## 0.078 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.3195 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.1667 * citric.acid
## + 3.6873 * chlorides
## - 2.0814 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0056 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0001 * density
## - 35.1322 * pH
## + 0.2 * sulphates
## + 0.1468 * alcohol
## + 41.1069
##
## LM num: 159
## quality =
## 0.078 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.3195 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.1667 * citric.acid
## + 4.3546 * chlorides
## - 2.0814 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0056 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0001 * density
## - 35.1322 * pH
## + 0.3831 * sulphates
## + 0.1468 * alcohol
## + 40.9955
##
## LM num: 160
## quality =
## 0.078 * fixed.acidity
## + 0.3195 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.1667 * citric.acid
## + 4.3546 * chlorides
## - 2.0814 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0056 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0001 * density
## - 35.1322 * pH
## + 0.3734 * sulphates
## + 0.1468 * alcohol
## + 41.0087
##
## LM num: 161
## quality =
## 0.078 * fixed.acidity
## + 1.5739 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.1667 * citric.acid
## + 0.0175 * chlorides
## - 2.0814 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0047 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0001 * density
## - 35.1322 * pH
## + 0.2 * sulphates
## + 0.4603 * alcohol
## + 36.837
##
## LM num: 162
## quality =
## 0.078 * fixed.acidity
## + 1.999 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.1667 * citric.acid
## + 0.0175 * chlorides
## - 2.0814 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0047 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0001 * density
## - 35.1322 * pH
## + 0.2 * sulphates
## + 0.4446 * alcohol
## + 36.9572
##
## LM num: 163
## quality =
## 1.2221 * volatile.acidity
## - 0.1667 * citric.acid
## + 0.0175 * chlorides
## - 2.0814 * free.sulfur.dioxide
## - 0.0022 * total.sulfur.dioxide
## + 0.0001 * density
## - 35.1322 * pH
## + 0.2 * sulphates
## + 0.1468 * alcohol
## + 40.6639
##
## Number of Rules : 163这里的分割与前面的回归树很相似，然而关键的区别在于节点不是以一个数值预测终止，而是以一个线性模型终止（这里表示为LM1和LM2）
线性模型本身显示在输出后面，例如LM1模型如下，这些值完全可以和多元模型一样解释，每一个数字都是相关特征对于预测的葡萄酒质量的净影响（效应）。对于固定酸度系数0.266意味着每增加一个单位的酸度，葡萄酒的质量预计会增加0.266
注意的是，估计的影响只适用于到达该节点的葡萄酒案例。在这个模型树中一共建立了36个线性回归模型，每一个模型对于固定的酸度和其他10个特征的影响都有不同的估计
对于预测数据来说：
# 生成模型的预测
p.m5p <- predict(m.m5p, wine_test)
# 模型树的预测返回比回归树的广
summary(p.m5p)## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max.
## -797.813 -176.061 -78.867 -116.499 -25.595 7.427#模型的MSE也有改善
MAE(wine_test$quality, p.m5p)## [1] 122.4056sessionInfo()## R version 4.0.2 (2020-06-22)
## Platform: x86_64-apple-darwin17.0 (64-bit)
## Running under: macOS Mojave 10.14.5
##
## Matrix products: default
## BLAS: /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.0/Resources/lib/libRblas.dylib
## LAPACK: /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.0/Resources/lib/libRlapack.dylib
##
## locale:
## [1] zh_CN.UTF-8/zh_CN.UTF-8/zh_CN.UTF-8/C/zh_CN.UTF-8/zh_CN.UTF-8
##
## attached base packages:
## [1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base
##
## other attached packages:
## [1] RWeka_0.4-43 rpart.plot_3.0.8 rpart_4.1-15
##
## loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
## [1] bookdown_0.20 digest_0.6.25 grid_4.0.2 magrittr_1.5
## [5] evaluate_0.14 blogdown_0.20 RWekajars_3.9.3-2 rlang_0.4.7
## [9] stringi_1.4.6 rmarkdown_2.3 tools_4.0.2 stringr_1.4.0
## [13] xfun_0.17 yaml_2.2.1 compiler_4.0.2 rJava_0.9-13
## [17] htmltools_0.5.0 knitr_1.29